Definitions for dna gyrase
dna gyrase

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1. DNA gyrase

   DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase and is a subclass of Type II topoisomerases that reduces topological strain in an ATP dependent manner while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by elongating RNA-polymerase or by helicase in front of the progressing replication fork. The enzyme causes negative supercoiling of the DNA or relaxes positive supercoils. It does so by looping the template so as to form a crossing, then cutting one of the double helices and passing the other through it before releasing the break, changing the linking number by two in each enzymatic step. This process occurs in bacteria, whose single circular DNA is cut by DNA gyrase and the two ends are then twisted around each other to form supercoils. Gyrase is also found in eukaryotic plastids: it has been found in the apicoplast of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and in chloroplasts of several plants. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, albicidin, and ciprofloxacin. The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA at the expense of ATP hydrolysis is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils. The ability of gyrase to relax positive supercoils comes into play during DNA replication and prokaryotic transcription. The helical nature of the DNA causes positive supercoils to accumulate ahead of a translocating enzyme, in the case of DNA replication, a DNA polymerase. The ability of gyrase (and topoisomerase IV) to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue.

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1. DNA gyrase

   DNA gyrase, often referred to simply as gyrase, is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin. DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that introduces negative supercoils into DNA by looping the template so as to form a crossing, then cutting one of the double helices and passing the other through it before releasing the break, changing the linking number by two in each enzymatic step. This process occurs in prokaryotes, whose single circular DNA is cut by DNA gyrase and the two ends are then twisted around each other to form supercoils. Very recently, gyrase has been found in the apicoplast of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a unicellular eukaryote. The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils. The ability of gyrase to relax positive supercoils comes into play during DNA replication. The right-handed nature of the DNA double helix causes positive supercoils to accumulate ahead of a translocating enzyme, in the case of DNA replication, a DNA polymerase. The ability of gyrase to relax positive supercoils allows superhelical tension ahead of the polymerase to be released so that replication can continue.

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. DNA Gyrase

   A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.

How to pronounce dna gyrase?

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of dna gyrase in Chaldean Numerology is: 7

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of dna gyrase in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dna_Gyrase
2. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=dna gyrase