Definitions for synephrine
synephrine

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Synephrine

   Synephrine, or, more specifically, p-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, and also in approved drugs products as its m-substituted analog known as neo-synephrine. p-Synephrine (or formerly Sympatol and oxedrine [BAN]) and m-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to epinephrine and norepinephrine. This substance is present at very low concentrations in common foodstuffs such as orange juice and other orange (Citrus species) products, both of the "sweet" and "bitter" variety. The preparations used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), also known as Zhi Shi (枳实), are the immature and dried whole oranges from Citrus aurantium (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus). Extracts of the same material or purified synephrine are also marketed in the US, sometimes in combination with caffeine, as a weight-loss-promoting dietary supplement for oral consumption. While the traditional preparations have been in use for millennia as a component of TCM-formulas, synephrine itself is not an approved over the counter drug. As a pharmaceutical, m-synephrine (phenylephrine) is still used as a sympathomimetic (i.e. for its hypertensive and vasoconstrictor properties), mostly by injection for the treatment of emergencies such as shock, and rarely orally for the treatment of bronchial problems associated with asthma and hay-fever.It is important to distinguish between studies concerning synephrine as a single chemical entity (synephrine can exist in the form of either of two stereoisomers, d- and l-synephrine, which are chemically and pharmacologically distinct), and synephrine which is mixed with other drugs and/or botanical extracts in a "Supplement", as well as synephrine which is present as only one chemical component in a naturally-occurring mixture of phytochemicals such as the rind or fruit of a bitter orange. Mixtures containing synephrine as only one of their chemical components (regardless of whether these are of synthetic or natural origin) should not be assumed to produce exactly the same biological effects as synephrine alone.In physical appearance, synephrine is a colorless, crystalline solid and is water-soluble. Its molecular structure is based on a phenethylamine skeleton and is related to those of many other drugs and to the major neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Synephrine

   Synephrine, or, more specifically, p-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, as well as a synthetic drug which has various adrenergic effects. This substance is present in many citrus fruits, and so is found in common foodstuffs such as orange juice and other orange products, both of the "sweet" and "bitter" variety. Extracts and preparations of "bitter orange", which contain synephrine amongst many other constituents, have long been used as herbal medicines, particularly in Chinese Traditional Medicine. Synephrine is currently marketed, usually in combinations with other drugs such as caffeine, as an over-the-counter stimulant and weight-loss-promoting dietary supplement for oral consumption. The effectiveness and safety of these preparations are controversial, but have generated more opinions, in publications and on the Internet, than research. This article will focus, insofar as possible, on synephrine itself, rather than on the drug mixtures containing it. Synephrine, as a single substance, has been as thoroughly investigated as many other similar drugs, and its properties are a matter of record in the scientific literature. As a pharmaceutical, synephrine was once used as a sympathomimetic, as well as for the treatment of bronchial problems associated with asthma and hay-fever. Such use is now largely obsolete in the USA.

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Synephrine

   Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma.

How to pronounce synephrine?

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of synephrine in Chaldean Numerology is: 4

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of synephrine in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7

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References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synephrine
2. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=synephrine