Definitions for r-factor
r-factor

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1. r-factor

   Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids. Plasmids possess mechanisms that ensure their independent replication as well as those that regulate their replication number and guarantee stable inheritance during cell division. By the conjugation process, they can stimulate lateral transfer between bacteria from various genera and kingdoms. Numerous plasmids contain addiction-inducing systems that are typically based on toxin-antitoxin factors and capable of killing daughter cells that don't inherit the plasmid during cell division. Plasmids often carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistance (MDR). Antibiotic resistance mediated by MDR plasmids severely limits the treatment options for the infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially family Enterobacteriaceae. The global spread of MDR plasmids has been enhanced by selective pressure from antimicrobial medications used in medical facilities and when raising animals for food.

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1. R-factor

   In crystallography, the R-factor is a measure of the agreement between the crystallographic model and the experimental X-ray diffraction data. In other words, it is a measure of how well the refined structure predicts the observed data. It is defined by the following equation: where F is the so-called structure factor and the sum extends over all the reflections measured and their calculated counterparts respectively. The structure factor F is closely related to the intensity of the reflection it describes: For large molecules, R-factor usually ranges between 0.6 and 0.2. Small molecules usually form more ordered crystals than large molecules, it is possible to attain lower R-factors. In the Cambridge Structural Database more than 95% of the 500,000+ crystals have an R-factor lower than 0.15 and 9.5% have an R-factor lower than 0.03. Crystallographers also use the Free R-Factor to describe the quality of a model. The quantities and are similarly used to describe the internal agreement of measurements in a crystallographic data set.

How to pronounce r-factor?

1. Alex

   US English

   David

   US English

   Mark

   US English

   Daniel

   British

   Libby

   British

   Mia

   British

   Karen

   Australian

   Hayley

   Australian

   Natasha

   Australian

   Veena

   Indian

   Priya

   Indian

   Neerja

   Indian

   Zira

   US English

   Oliver

   British

   Wendy

   British

   Fred

   US English

   Tessa

   South African

How to say r-factor in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of r-factor in Chaldean Numerology is: 9

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of r-factor in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9

Examples of r-factor in a Sentence

1. Kevin Kelly:

   The only factor becoming scarce in a world of abundance is human attention.

2. David Safavian:

   Finding meaningful work is the single most important factor in keeping an ex-offender on the straight and narrow.

3. Yasuyuki Watanabe:

   We are identifying political risks as a major risk factor. We just don't know what is going to happen.

4. Evan Matthews:

   This is because it is likely a familiar movement, removing the learning curve that occurs with a new form of physical activity and the intimidation factor many feel when starting out.

5. Jake Opgenorth with Pullman police:

   I don't believe that hazing was a factor in this incident, and it just was an unfortunate alcohol overdose.

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-Factor
2. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=r-factor