Definitions for glossary of lichen terms
glos·sary of lichen terms

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1. Glossary of lichen terms

   The following is a glossary of terms used in the description of lichens, composite organisms that arise from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungus species in a mutualistic relationship. Until the end of the 18th century, only a couple of lichen-specific terms had been proposed. Johann Dillenius introduced scyphus in 1742 to describe the cup-shaped structures associated with genus Cladonia, while in 1794 Michel Adanson used lirella for the furrowed fruitbodies of the genus Graphis. Erik Acharius, the "father of lichenology", conceived many new terms to describe lichen structures in several of his seminal publications in the early 1800s. Examples include apothecium, cephalodium, cyphellae, podetium, proper margin, soredium, and thallus. In 1825, Friedrich Wallroth published the first of his multi-volume work Naturgeschichte der Flechten ("Natural History of Lichens"), in which he proposed an alternative terminology based largely on roots from the Greek language. His work, presented as an alternative to that of Acharius (of whom he was critical) was not well received, and the only terms he proposed to gain widespread acceptance were epi- and hypophloeodal, hetero- and homoiomerous, and gonidium, the last of which remained in use until the 1960s. Until about 1850, there were 21 terms for features of the lichen thallus that remain in use today.The increasing availability of the optical microscope as an aid to identifying and characterizing lichens led to the creation of new terms to describe structures that were previously too small to be visualized. Contributions were made by Julius von Flotow (e.g. epithecium), Edmond Tulasne (e.g pycnidium), and William Nylander (e.g. pseudocyphella, thecium). Gustav Wilhelm Körber, an early proponent of using spore structure as a character in lichen taxonomy, introduced amphithecium, muriform, and "polari-dyblastae", later anglicized to "polari-bilocular" and then shortened to polarilocular. In the next five decades that followed, many other additions were made to the repertoire of lichen terms, subsequent to the increased understanding of lichen anatomy and physiology made possible by microscopy. For whatever reasons, there were not any new terms (still currently used) introduced from the period 1906 to 1945, when Gustaf Einar Du Rietz proposed replacing epi- and hypothecium with epi- and subhymenium; all four terms remain in use. In some cases, older terminology became obsolete as better understanding of the nature of the fungal–algal relationship led to changes in their terminology. For example, after Gunnar Degelius objected to the use of gonidia for the algal partner, George Scott proposed the use of mycobiont and phycobiont for lichen components, recommendations that were generally accepted by lichenologists.Terms defining features of lichens are used to describe aspects and relationships unique to lichens as composite organisms. These include terms that describe the two major components of lichens (mycobiont and photobiont); specialized structures in lichen physiology (e.g., podetium, mazaedium, medulla, the epinecral layer); descriptors of types of lichens (e.g., areolate, fruticose, crustose); two- and three-dimensional shapes used to describe spores and other lichen structures (e.g., acicular, globose, pyriform); terms of position (e.g. apical, marginal) and shape (e.g. appressed, sigmoid); prefixes and suffixes commonly used to form lichen terms; terminology used in methods for the chemical identification of lichens (e.g. various spot tests); and "everyday" words that have a specialized meaning in lichenology (e.g., simple, character, superficial). The list also includes a few historical terms that have been supplanted or are now considered obsolete (e.g., gonidium, zeorine). Although no longer part of the modern lichen lexicon, knowledge of these terms helps in understanding older literature.

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of glossary of lichen terms in Chaldean Numerology is: 6

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of glossary of lichen terms in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Lichen_Terms