Definitions for Mayak
mayak

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Mayak

   The Mayak Production Association (Russian: Производственное объединение «Маяк», from Маяк 'lighthouse') is one of the biggest nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation, housing a reprocessing plant. The closest settlements are Ozyorsk to the northwest and Novogornyj to the south. Lavrentiy Beria led the Soviet atomic bomb project. He directed the construction of the Mayak Plutonium plant in the Southern Urals between 1945–48, in a great hurry and in secrecy as part of the Soviet Union's atomic bomb project. Upwards of 40,000 Gulag prisoners and POWs built the factory and the closed nuclear city of Ozersk, called at the time by its classified postal code "Forty." Five (today closed) nuclear reactors were built to produce plutonium which was refined and machined for weapons. Later the plant came to specialize in reprocessing spent nuclear fuel from nuclear reactors and plutonium from decommissioned weapons. Once production started up, Soviet engineers quickly ran out of underground space for storage of high level radioactive waste. Rather than cease production of plutonium until new underground waste storage tanks could be built, between 1949 and 1951 Soviet managers dumped 7.8 cubic yards of toxic chemicals including 3.2 million curies of high-level radioactive waste into the Techa River, a slow-moving hydraulic system that bogs down in swamps and lakes. Downriver, 124,000 people lived along the river. They used the river for drinking water, irrigation, bathing and fishing. Investigators in 1951 found communities along the river highly contaminated. On discovery, soldiers immediately evacuated the first downriver village of Metlino, population 1,200, where radiation levels measured 3.5-5 rads/hr. At that dose, people could get a lifetime external dose in less than a week. Over the course of the following decade, ten additional communities were resettled from the river, but the largest community, Muslumovo, remained. Researchers investigated residents of Muslumovo annually in what has become a four-generation living experiment of people living among chronic, low doses of radioactivity. Blood samples showed that villagers of Muslumovo had received both external and internal doses of cesium-137, ruthenium-106, strontium-90, and iodine-131. These isotopes had deposited in organs, flesh and bone marrow. Villagers complained of a range of illnesses and symptoms--chronic fatigue, sleep and fertility problems, weight loss and increased hypertension. The frequency of birth defects and complications at birth were up to three times greater than normal. In 1953, doctors examined 587 of 28,000 exposed people and found that 200 had clear cases of radiation poisoning.In 1957 Mayak was the site of the Kyshtym disaster, one of the worst nuclear accidents in history. During this catastrophe, a poorly maintained storage tank exploded, releasing 20 million curies in the form of 50-100 tons of high-level radioactive waste. The resulting radioactive cloud contaminated an expansive territory of more than 750 km2 (290 sq mi) in the eastern Urals with the consequence of sickness and death from radiation poisoning. The Soviet regime kept this accident secret for about thirty years. The event was eventually rated at 6 on the seven-level INES scale, third in severity only to the disasters at Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan.Mayak is still active as of 2017, and it serves as a reprocessing site for spent nuclear fuel. Today the plant makes tritium and radioisotopes, not plutonium. In recent years, proposals that the plant reprocess waste from foreign nuclear reactors have given rise to controversy. An incompletely reported accident appears to have occurred in September 2017.

Surnames Frequency by Census RecordsRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. MAYAK

   According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Mayak is ranked #157234 in terms of the most common surnames in America.
   
   The Mayak surname appeared 103 times in the 2010 census and if you were to sample 100,000 people in the United States, approximately 0 would have the surname Mayak.
   
   86.4% or 89 total occurrences were White.
   7.7% or 8 total occurrences were Asian.

How to pronounce Mayak?

1. Alex

   US English

   David

   US English

   Mark

   US English

   Daniel

   British

   Libby

   British

   Mia

   British

   Karen

   Australian

   Hayley

   Australian

   Natasha

   Australian

   Veena

   Indian

   Priya

   Indian

   Neerja

   Indian

   Zira

   US English

   Oliver

   British

   Wendy

   British

   Fred

   US English

   Tessa

   South African

How to say Mayak in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of Mayak in Chaldean Numerology is: 9

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of Mayak in Pythagorean Numerology is: 6

Popularity rank by frequency of use

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayak
2. ^ Surnames Frequency by Census Records
   https://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2010_surnames.html