The New Hacker's Dictionary

1. quantifiers

   In techspeak and jargon, the standard metric prefixes used in the SI (Système International) conventions for scientific measurement have dual uses. With units of time or things that come in powers of 10, such as money, they retain their usual meanings of multiplication by powers of 1000 = 10^3. But when used with bytes or other things that naturally come in powers of 2, they usually denote multiplication by powers of 1024 = 2^10.Here are the SI magnifying prefixes, along with the corresponding binary interpretations in common use: prefix  decimal  binary kilo-   1000^1   1024^1 = 2^10 = 1,024  mega-   1000^2   1024^2 = 2^20 = 1,048,576  giga-   1000^3   1024^3 = 2^30 = 1,073,741,824  tera-   1000^4   1024^4 = 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776  peta-   1000^5   1024^5 = 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624  exa-    1000^6   1024^6 = 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976  zetta-  1000^7   1024^7 = 2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424  yotta-  1000^8   1024^8 = 2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176  Here are the SI fractional prefixes: prefix  decimal     jargon usage milli-  1000^-1     (seldom used in jargon) micro-  1000^-2     small or human-scale (see micro-) nano-   1000^-3     even smaller (see nano-) pico-   1000^-4     even smaller yet (see pico-) femto-  1000^-5     (not used in jargon—yet) atto-   1000^-6     (not used in jargon—yet) zepto-  1000^-7     (not used in jargon—yet) yocto-  1000^-8     (not used in jargon—yet) The prefixes zetta-, yotta-, zepto-, and yocto- have been included in these tables purely for completeness and giggle value; they were adopted in 1990 by the 19th Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures. The binary peta- and exa- loadings, though well established, are not in jargon use either — yet. The prefix milli-, denoting multiplication by 1/1000, has always been rare in jargon (there is, however, a standard joke about the millihelen — notionally, the amount of beauty required to launch one ship). See the entries on micro-, pico-, and nano- for more information on connotative jargon use of these terms. ‘Femto’ and ‘atto’ (which, interestingly, derive not from Greek but from Danish) have not yet acquired jargon loadings, though it is easy to predict what those will be once computing technology enters the required realms of magnitude (however, see attoparsec).There are, of course, some standard unit prefixes for powers of 10. In the following table, the ‘prefix’ column is the international standard prefix for the appropriate power of ten; the ‘binary’ column lists jargon abbreviations and words for the corresponding power of 2. The B-suffixed forms are commonly used for byte quantities; the words ‘meg’ and ‘gig’ are nouns that may (but do not always) pluralize with ‘s’. prefix   decimal   binary       pronunciation} kilo-       k      K, KB,       kay mega-       M      M, MB, meg   meg giga-       G      G, GB, gig   gig,jig Confusingly, hackers often use K or M as though they were suffix or numeric multipliers rather than a prefix; thus “2K dollars”, “2M of disk space”. This is also true (though less commonly) of G.Note that the formal SI metric prefix for 1000 is ‘k’; some use this strictly, reserving ‘K’ for multiplication by 1024 (KB is thus ‘kilobytes’).K, M, and G used alone refer to quantities of bytes; thus, 64G is 64 gigabytes and ‘a K’ is a kilobyte (compare mainstream use of ‘a G’ as short for ‘a grand’, that is, $1000). Whether one pronounces ‘gig’ with hard or soft ‘g’ depends on what one thinks the proper pronunciation of ‘giga-’ is.Confusing 1000 and 1024 (or other powers of 2 and 10 close