Definitions for lysosome
ˈlaɪ səˌsoʊmlyso·some

Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:5.0 / 2 votes

1. lysosomenoun

   an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)

WiktionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. lysosomenoun

   An organelle found in all types of animal cells which contains a large range of digestive enzymes capable of splitting most biological macromolecules.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Lysosome

   A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins, and its lumenal proteins. The lumen's pH (~4.5–5.0) is optimal for the enzymes involved in hydrolysis, analogous to the activity of the stomach. Besides degradation of polymers, the lysosome is involved in various cell processes, including secretion, plasma membrane repair, apoptosis, cell signaling, and energy metabolism. Lysosomes are termed to be degradative organelles that act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting used materials in the cytoplasm, from both inside and outside the cell. Material from outside the cell is taken up through endocytosis, while material from the inside of the cell is digested through autophagy. The sizes of the organelles vary greatly—the larger ones can be more than 10 times the size of the smaller ones. They were discovered and named by Belgian biologist Christian de Duve, who eventually received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. Lysosomes are known to contain more than 60 different enzymes, and have more than 50 membrane proteins. Enzymes of the lysosomes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and exported to the Golgi apparatus upon recruitment by a complex composed of CLN6 and CLN8 proteins. The enzymes are trafficked from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes in small vesicles, which fuse with larger acidic vesicles. Enzymes destined for a lysosome are specifically tagged with the molecule mannose 6-phosphate, so that they are properly sorted into acidified vesicles.In 2009, Marco Sardiello and co-workers discovered that the synthesis of most lysosomal enzymes and membrane proteins is controlled by transcription factor EB (TFEB), which promotes the transcription of nuclear genes. Mutations in the genes for these enzymes are responsible for more than 50 different human genetic disorders, which are collectively known as lysosomal storage diseases. These diseases result from an accumulation of specific substrates, due to the inability to break them down. These genetic defects are related to several neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and aging-related diseases.

ChatGPTRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. lysosome

   A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelic found in most animal cells. They are spherical vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. They are known as the "digestive system" of the cell, as they are involved in cellular processes, such as secretion, plasma membrane repair, cell signaling and energy metabolism.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Lysosome

   Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. They can be described as the stomach of the cell. They are found in animal cells, while their existence in yeasts and plants is disputed. Some biologists say the same roles are performed by lytic vacuoles, while others suggest there is strong evidence that lysosomes are indeed found in some plant cells. Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulf viruses or bacteria. The membrane around a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes to work at the pH5 they require. Lysosomes fuse with autophagic vacuoles and dispense their enzymes into the autophagic vacuoles, digesting their contents. The name lysosome derives from the Greek words lysis, to separate, and soma, body. They are frequently nicknamed "suicide-bags" or "suicide-sacs" by cell biologists due to their autolysis. Lysosomes were discovered by the Belgian cytologist Christian de Duve in 1949. A group of genetic inherited disorders called lysosomal storage diseases results from the dysfunction of lysosomes. The size of a lysosome varies from 0.1–1.2 μm. At pH 4.8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly basic cytosol. The lysosome maintains this pH differential by pumping protons from the cytosol across the membrane via proton pumps and chloride ion channels. The lysosomal membrane protects the cytosol, and therefore the rest of the cell, from the degradative enzymes within the lysosome. The cell is additionally protected from any lysosomal acid hydrolases that drain into the cytosol, as these enzymes are pH-sensitive and do not function well or at all in the alkaline environment of the cytosol.This ensures that cytosolic molecules and organelles are not lysed in case there is leakage of the hydrolytic enzymes from the lysosome.

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1. • Organelle

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of lysosome in Chaldean Numerology is: 6

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of lysosome in Pythagorean Numerology is: 6

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References

1. ^ Princeton's WordNet
   http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=lysosome
2. ^ Wiktionary
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lysosome
3. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome
4. ^ ChatGPT
   https://chat.openai.com
5. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=lysosome