Definitions for ketone bodies
ke·tone bod·ies

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1. Ketone bodies

   Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules that contain the ketone groups produced from fatty acids by the liver (ketogenesis). Ketone bodies are readily transported into tissues outside the liver, where they are converted into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-Coenzyme A)—which then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and is oxidized for energy. These liver-derived ketone groups include acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate), beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, a spontaneous breakdown product of acetoacetate (see graphic). Ketone bodies are produced by the liver during periods of caloric restriction of various scenarios: low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism, or during untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ketone bodies are produced in liver cells by the breakdown of fatty acids. They are released into the blood after glycogen stores in the liver have been depleted. (Glycogen stores typically are depleted within the first 24 hours of fasting.)Ketone bodies are also produced in glial cells under periods of food restriction to sustain memory formationWhen two acetyl-CoA molecules lose their -CoAs (or coenzyme A groups), they can form a (covalent) dimer called acetoacetate. β-hydroxybutyrate is a reduced form of acetoacetate, in which the ketone group is converted into an alcohol (or hydroxyl) group (see illustration on the right). Both are 4-carbon molecules that can readily be converted back into acetyl-CoA by most tissues of the body, with the notable exception of the liver. Acetone is the decarboxylated form of acetoacetate which cannot be converted back into acetyl-CoA except via detoxification in the liver where it is converted into lactic acid, which can, in turn, be oxidized into pyruvic acid, and only then into acetyl-CoA. Ketone bodies have a characteristic smell, which can easily be detected in the breath of persons in ketosis and ketoacidosis. It is often described as fruity or like nail polish remover (which usually contains acetone or ethyl acetate). Apart from the three endogenous ketone bodies, other ketone bodies like β-ketopentanoate and β-hydroxypentanoate may be created as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides, such as triheptanoin.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Ketone bodies

   Ketone bodies are three different water-soluble biochemicals that are produced as by-products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. Two of the three are used as a source of energy in the heart and brain while the third is a waste product excreted from the body. In the brain, they are a vital source of energy during fasting. Although termed "bodies", they are molecules, not particles. The three endogenous ketone bodies are acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, although beta-hydroxybutyric acid is not technically a ketone but a carboxylic acid. Other ketone bodies such as beta-ketopentanoate and beta-hydroxypentanoate may be created as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides such as triheptanoin.

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Ketone Bodies

   The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. Most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone bodies can be used as fuels by muscle and brain tissue. In starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, large quantities are produced, causing metabolic acidosis and elevated blood and urine levels of all three ketone bodies. (Dorland, 28th ed)

How to pronounce ketone bodies?

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of ketone bodies in Chaldean Numerology is: 5

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of ketone bodies in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7

Examples of ketone bodies in a Sentence

1. Thomas Rando:

   Ketone bodies arise when the body uses fat for energy, but they also push stem cells into a quiescent state that protects them during deprivation, in this state, they are protected from environmental stress, but they are also less able to regenerate damaged tissue.

2. Arika Hoscheit:

   Some studies have been able to show that low to medium levels of circulating ketone bodies as seen in nutritional ketosis can be beneficial to the functioning of the endothelial cells in our vascular system. Protecting our vascular system benefits heart health, also, since obesity is a risk factor for heart disease, it makes sense that a ketogenic diet may indirectly benefit heart health simply by way of weight loss and weight management.

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone_Bodies
2. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=ketone bodies