Definitions for co-citation
co-ci·ta·tion

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1. co-citationnoun

   The simultaneous linking to each of a group of webpages from each of another group of webpages, even though the members of the group do not link to each other; used by some search engines to establish a connection between related pages.

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1. Co-citation

   Co-citation is the frequency with which two documents are cited together by other documents. If at least one other document cites two documents in common, these documents are said to be co-cited. The more co-citations two documents receive, the higher their co-citation strength, and the more likely they are semantically related. Like bibliographic coupling, co-citation is a semantic similarity measure for documents that makes use of citation analyses. The figure to the right illustrates the concept of co-citation and a more recent variation of co-citation which accounts for the placement of citations in the full text of documents. The figure's left image shows the Documents A and B, which are both cited by Documents C, D and E; thus Documents A and B have a co-citation strength, or co-citation index of three. This score is usually established using citation indexes. Documents featuring high numbers of co-citations are regarded as more similar. The figure's right image shows a citing document which cites the Documents 1, 2 and 3. Both the Documents 1 and 2 and the Documents 2 and 3 have a co-citation strength of one, given that they are cited together by exactly one other document. However, Documents 2 and 3 are cited in much closer proximity to each other in the citing document compared to Document 1. To make co-citation a more meaningful measure in this case, a Co-Citation Proximity Index (CPI) can be introduced to account for the placement of citations relative to each other. Documents co-cited at greater relative distances in the full text receive lower CPI values. Gipp and Beel were the first to propose using modified co-citation weights based on proximity.Henry Small and Irina Marshakova are credited for introducing co-citation analysis in 1973. Both researchers came up with the measure independently, although Marshakova gained less credit, likely because her work was published in Russian.Co-citation analysis provides a forward-looking assessment on document similarity in contrast to Bibliographic Coupling, which is retrospective. The citations a paper receives in the future depend on the evolution of an academic field, thus co-citation frequencies can still change. In the adjacent diagram, for example, Doc A and Doc B may still be co-cited by future documents, say Doc F and Doc G. This characteristic of co-citation allows for a dynamic document classification system when compared to Bibliographic Coupling. Over the decades, researchers proposed variants or enhancements to the original co-citation concept. Howard White introduced author co-citation analysis in 1981. Gipp and Beel proposed Co-citation Proximity Analysis (CPA) and introduced the CPI as an enhancement to the original co-citation concept in 2009. Co-citation Proximity Analysis considers the proximity of citations within the full-texts for similarity computation and therefore allows for a more fine-grained assessment of semantic document similarity than pure co-citation.

How to pronounce co-citation?

1. Alex

   US English

   David

   US English

   Mark

   US English

   Daniel

   British

   Libby

   British

   Mia

   British

   Karen

   Australian

   Hayley

   Australian

   Natasha

   Australian

   Veena

   Indian

   Priya

   Indian

   Neerja

   Indian

   Zira

   US English

   Oliver

   British

   Wendy

   British

   Fred

   US English

   Tessa

   South African

How to say co-citation in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of co-citation in Chaldean Numerology is: 9

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of co-citation in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1

Examples of co-citation in a Sentence

1. Sylvester Turner:

   Now, when our police officers and firefighters and others are encountering people who are not wearing masks, we are going to be issuing the necessary warning, please put on your mask on, and failure to do so will cause a citation, a ticket to be given.

2. Gavin Newsom:

   I don't want to be punitive, they just want to take a rest on the beach and all of a sudden they get a citation - I don't want to see that. But if there are people thumbing their nose and taking a risk ... I think we may have to do a little bit more.

3. Professor Kalt:

   An honest citation would have acknowledged that I was concluding the opposite from the proposition for which they cited me.

4. Sylvester Turner:

   When we are encountering people on patrols, out and about, and we are seeing that they do not have their mask on when they are in public and around other people, we will provide the necessary warning, and then a failure to heed to that warning will lead to a citation and a $ 250 fine.

5. Hillary Clinton:

   I have absolutely no support for a city that ignores the strong evidence that should be acted on. ... If it were a first-time traffic citation, if it were something minor, a misdemeanor, that's entirely different, this man had already been deported five times. And he should have been deported at the request of the federal government.

References

1. ^ Wiktionary
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Co-Citation
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Citation