Definitions for smoothened
smoothened

Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. smoothed, smoothenedadjective

   made smooth by ironing

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Smoothened

   Smoothened is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMO gene. Smoothened is a Class Frizzled (Class F) G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway and is conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the natural teratogen cyclopamine. It also is the target of vismodegib, the first hedgehog pathway inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Smoothened (Smo) is a key transmembrane protein that is a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, a cell-cell communication system critical for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in proteins that relay Hh signals between cells cause birth defects and cancer. The protein that carries the Hh signal across the membrane is the oncoprotein and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo). Smo is regulated by a separate transmembrane receptor for Hh ligands called Patched (Ptc). Ptc itself is a tumor suppressor that keeps the Hh pathway off by inhibiting Smo. The excessive Hh signaling that drives human skin and brain cancer is most frequently caused by inactivating mutations in Ptc or by gain of function mutations in Smo. While direct Smo agonists and antagonists, such as SAG and vismodegib, can bind to and activate or inhibit Smo, how Ptc inhibits Smo endogenously remains a mystery in the field. Currently, Smo is targeted and inhibited directly by a small-molecule drug, vismodegib, for the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer, however widespread resistance to this drug has become a prevalent issue. Finding another method to target Smo activity in Hh-driven cancers would provide valuable information for novel therapeutics. Identifying these Ptc responsive sites on Smo will help solve a long-standing mystery in Hh signaling and suggest new therapeutic strategies to block Smo activity in Hh-driven cancers.

ChatGPTRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. smoothened

   Smoothened refers to the process of making something smooth or even, commonly referring to surfaces. This can be achieved through removing roughness, irregularities or ridges either by rubbing, applying pressure, or using specific tools or substances. Also, in molecular biology, it is a protein involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Smoothened

   Smoothened is a G protein-coupled receptor protein encoded by the SMO gene of the hedgehog signaling pathway conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the teratogen cyclopamine. Cellular localization plays an essential role in the function of SMO. Stimulation of the patched receptor by the sonic hedgehog ligand leads to translocation of SMO to the primary cilium. Furthermore, SMO that is mutated in the domain required for ciliary localisation cannot contribute to pathway activation. SMO has also been shown to bind the kinesin motor protein Costal-2 and play a role in the localization of the Ci complex. SMO can function as an oncogene. Activating SMO mutations can lead to unregulated activation of the hedgehog pathway and cancer.

How to pronounce smoothened?

1. Alex

   US English

   David

   US English

   Mark

   US English

   Daniel

   British

   Libby

   British

   Mia

   British

   Karen

   Australian

   Hayley

   Australian

   Natasha

   Australian

   Veena

   Indian

   Priya

   Indian

   Neerja

   Indian

   Zira

   US English

   Oliver

   British

   Wendy

   British

   Fred

   US English

   Tessa

   South African

How to say smoothened in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of smoothened in Chaldean Numerology is: 4

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of smoothened in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1

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References

1. ^ Princeton's WordNet
   http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=smoothened
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothened
3. ^ ChatGPT
   https://chat.openai.com
4. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=smoothened