What does smoothened mean?
Definitions for smoothened
smoothened
This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word smoothened.
Princeton's WordNet
smoothed, smoothenedadjective
made smooth by ironing
Wikipedia
Smoothened
Smoothened is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMO gene. Smoothened is a Class Frizzled (Class F) G protein-coupled receptor that is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway and is conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the natural teratogen cyclopamine. It also is the target of vismodegib, the first hedgehog pathway inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Smoothened (Smo) is a key transmembrane protein that is a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, a cell-cell communication system critical for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in proteins that relay Hh signals between cells cause birth defects and cancer. The protein that carries the Hh signal across the membrane is the oncoprotein and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo). Smo is regulated by a separate transmembrane receptor for Hh ligands called Patched (Ptc). Ptc itself is a tumor suppressor that keeps the Hh pathway off by inhibiting Smo. The excessive Hh signaling that drives human skin and brain cancer is most frequently caused by inactivating mutations in Ptc or by gain of function mutations in Smo. While direct Smo agonists and antagonists, such as SAG and vismodegib, can bind to and activate or inhibit Smo, how Ptc inhibits Smo endogenously remains a mystery in the field. Currently, Smo is targeted and inhibited directly by a small-molecule drug, vismodegib, for the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer, however widespread resistance to this drug has become a prevalent issue. Finding another method to target Smo activity in Hh-driven cancers would provide valuable information for novel therapeutics. Identifying these Ptc responsive sites on Smo will help solve a long-standing mystery in Hh signaling and suggest new therapeutic strategies to block Smo activity in Hh-driven cancers.
ChatGPT
smoothened
Smoothened refers to the process of making something smooth or even, commonly referring to surfaces. This can be achieved through removing roughness, irregularities or ridges either by rubbing, applying pressure, or using specific tools or substances. Also, in molecular biology, it is a protein involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Wikidata
Smoothened
Smoothened is a G protein-coupled receptor protein encoded by the SMO gene of the hedgehog signaling pathway conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the teratogen cyclopamine. Cellular localization plays an essential role in the function of SMO. Stimulation of the patched receptor by the sonic hedgehog ligand leads to translocation of SMO to the primary cilium. Furthermore, SMO that is mutated in the domain required for ciliary localisation cannot contribute to pathway activation. SMO has also been shown to bind the kinesin motor protein Costal-2 and play a role in the localization of the Ci complex. SMO can function as an oncogene. Activating SMO mutations can lead to unregulated activation of the hedgehog pathway and cancer.
Numerology
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of smoothened in Chaldean Numerology is: 4
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of smoothened in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
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"smoothened." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 18 Apr. 2024. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/smoothened>.
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