Definitions for graphene
graphene

WiktionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. graphenenoun

   Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite.

2. graphenenoun

   An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Graphene

   Graphene () is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice nanostructure. The name is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains numerous double bonds. Each atom in a graphene sheet is connected to its three nearest neighbors by a strong σ-bond, and contributes to a valence band one electron that extends over the whole sheet. This is the same type of bonding seen in carbon nanotubes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and (partially) in fullerenes and glassy carbon. The valence band is touched by a conduction band, making graphene a semimetal with unusual electronic properties that are best described by theories for massless relativistic particles. Charge carriers in graphene show linear, rather than quadratic, dependence of energy on momentum, and field-effect transistors with graphene can be made that show bipolar conduction. Charge transport is ballistic over long distances; the material exhibits large quantum oscillations and large and nonlinear diamagnetism. Graphene conducts heat and electricity very efficiently along its plane. The material strongly absorbs light of all visible wavelengths, which accounts for the black color of graphite; yet a single graphene sheet is nearly transparent because of its extreme thinness. The material is about 100 times as strong as would be the strongest steel of the same thickness. Scientists theorized the potential existence and production of graphene for decades. It has likely been unknowingly produced in small quantities for centuries, through the use of pencils and other similar applications of graphite. It was possibly observed in electron microscopes in 1962, but studied only while supported on metal surfaces.In 2004, the material was rediscovered, isolated and investigated at the University of Manchester, by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov. In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their "groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". High-quality graphene proved to be surprisingly easy to isolate. Graphene has become a valuable and useful nanomaterial due to its exceptionally high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, transparency, and being the thinnest two-dimensional material in the world. The global market for graphene was $9 million in 2012, with most of the demand from research and development in semiconductor, electronics, electric batteries, and composites. The IUPAC (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry) recommends use of the name "graphite" for the three-dimensional material, and "graphene" only when the reactions, structural relations, or other properties of individual layers are discussed. A narrower definition, of "isolated or free-standing graphene" requires that the layer be sufficiently isolated from its environment, but would include layers suspended or transferred to silicon dioxide or silicon carbide.

WikidataRate this definition:2.0 / 1 vote

1. Graphene

   Graphene is an allotrope of carbon. In this material, carbon atoms are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern. Graphene can be described as a one-atom thick layer of the mineral graphite,. Amongst its other well-publicised superlative properties, it is very light, with a 1-square-meter sheet weighing only 0.77 milligrams. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". In 2013, graphene researchers led by Prof. Jari Kinaret from Sweden's Chalmers University of Technology, secured a €1 billion grant from the European Union to be used for further research into development of potential applications of graphene.

Editors ContributionRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. graphene

   A type of material.

   Graphene is a key material used to create semiconductors and is used for various other purposes.

   
   

   Submitted by MaryC on March 16, 2017  

How to pronounce graphene?

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How to say graphene in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of graphene in Chaldean Numerology is: 7

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of graphene in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2

Examples of graphene in a Sentence

1. Dr Sheng Hu:

   It looks extremely simple and equally promising, because graphene can be produced these days in square metre sheets, we hope that it will find its way to commercial fuel cells sooner rather than later.

2. Health Canada:

   Unless the manufacturers of these masks can provide substantial evidence to support the safe and effective use of graphene-coated masks, Health Canada considers the risk of these medical devices to be unacceptable.

3. Baoxia Mi:

   We made it from graphite, which is a material that we use in pencils for example, so it's cheap and relatively abundant. So we can use that and the process that we use to make from the graphite to the graphene oxide is actually quite scalable.

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References

1. ^ Wiktionary
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Graphene
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene
3. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=graphene