Definitions for genetic engineering
ge·netic en·gi·neer·ing

Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. genetic engineering, gene-splicing, recombinant DNA technologynoun

   the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism

WiktionaryRate this definition:2.0 / 1 vote

1. genetic engineeringnoun

   The deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism.

2. Etymology: Coined by w:Jack Williamson in his 1941 book Dragon's Island.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Genetic engineering

   Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA. A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism. The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus. As well as inserting genes, the process can be used to remove, or "knock out", genes. The new DNA can be inserted randomly, or targeted to a specific part of the genome.An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be genetically modified (GM) and the resulting entity is a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMO was a bacterium generated by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. Rudolf Jaenisch created the first GM animal when he inserted foreign DNA into a mouse in 1974. The first company to focus on genetic engineering, Genentech, was founded in 1976 and started the production of human proteins. Genetically engineered human insulin was produced in 1978 and insulin-producing bacteria were commercialised in 1982. Genetically modified food has been sold since 1994, with the release of the Flavr Savr tomato. The Flavr Savr was engineered to have a longer shelf life, but most current GM crops are modified to increase resistance to insects and herbicides. GloFish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was sold in the United States in December 2003. In 2016 salmon modified with a growth hormone were sold. Genetic engineering has been applied in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture. In research, GMOs are used to study gene function and expression through loss of function, gain of function, tracking and expression experiments. By knocking out genes responsible for certain conditions it is possible to create animal model organisms of human diseases. As well as producing hormones, vaccines and other drugs, genetic engineering has the potential to cure genetic diseases through gene therapy. The same techniques that are used to produce drugs can also have industrial applications such as producing enzymes for laundry detergent, cheeses and other products. The rise of commercialised genetically modified crops has provided economic benefit to farmers in many different countries, but has also been the source of most of the controversy surrounding the technology. This has been present since its early use; the first field trials were destroyed by anti-GM activists. Although there is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, critics consider GM food safety a leading concern. Gene flow, impact on non-target organisms, control of the food supply and intellectual property rights have also been raised as potential issues. These concerns have led to the development of a regulatory framework, which started in 1975. It has led to an international treaty, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, that was adopted in 2000. Individual countries have developed their own regulatory systems regarding GMOs, with the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe.

ChatGPTRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. genetic engineering

   Genetic engineering is a set of biotechnological techniques that involves the manipulation or modification of an organism's DNA to alter its characteristics in a particular way. This can include adding, deleting, or changing existing genes to create genetically modified organisms, with the aim of improving or enhancing traits such as growth rate, resistance to disease, or adaptation to environmental conditions. Genetic engineering is widely used in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and scientific research.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Genetic engineering

   Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or "knocked out", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations. An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism. The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973; GM mice were generated in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003. Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells, experimental GM cell lines and GM animals such as mice or zebrafish are being used for research purposes, and genetically modified crops have been commercialized.

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:5.0 / 1 vote

1. Genetic Engineering

   Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

Matched Categories

1. • Biotechnology

How to pronounce genetic engineering?

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How to say genetic engineering in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of genetic engineering in Chaldean Numerology is: 3

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of genetic engineering in Pythagorean Numerology is: 8

Examples of genetic engineering in a Sentence

1. Oxitec CEO Hadyn Parry:

   The threat of Zika is so great, I think that it will change the paradigm here, i do think you can always get the people who are against genetic engineering for whatever reason. But I think the big majority of people will want to go ahead.

2. Lewis Thomas:

   The cloning of humans is on most of the lists of things to worry about from Science, along with behaviour control, genetic engineering, transplanted heads, computer poetry and the unrestrained growth of plastic flowers.

3. Caroline Palmer:

   There is currently a lot of interest in creating more tolerant corals through genetic engineering and of restoring reefs by targeting more resilient corals, i fully support these approaches, but believe understanding what drives coral health will be key to their success.

References

1. ^ Princeton's WordNet
   http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=genetic engineering
2. ^ Wiktionary
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Genetic_Engineering
3. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Engineering
4. ^ ChatGPT
   https://chat.openai.com
5. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=genetic engineering