Definitions for confounding
con·found·ing

Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. confounding, contradictoryadjective

   that confounds or contradicts or confuses

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Confounding

   In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of correlations or associations. The existence of confounders is an important quantitative explanation why correlation does not imply causation. Confounds are threats to internal validity.

ChatGPTRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. confounding

   Confounding refers to a situation in statistical analysis where an unforeseen, unaccounted for variable influences both the dependent and independent variables in a study, leading to a distortion or false understanding of the relationship between them. It's a type of bias that can lead researchers to make incorrect conclusions about cause and effect relationships due to this hidden third factor.

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Confounding

   of Confound

How to pronounce confounding?

1. Alex

   US English

   David

   US English

   Mark

   US English

   Daniel

   British

   Libby

   British

   Mia

   British

   Karen

   Australian

   Hayley

   Australian

   Natasha

   Australian

   Veena

   Indian

   Priya

   Indian

   Neerja

   Indian

   Zira

   US English

   Oliver

   British

   Wendy

   British

   Fred

   US English

   Tessa

   South African

How to say confounding in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of confounding in Chaldean Numerology is: 9

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of confounding in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5

Examples of confounding in a Sentence

1. Teresa Senserrick:

   I think there is confounding here and I do not view this as clear evidence of a link between gaming and taking risks when actually driving on-road.

2. Homer:

   There is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends.

3. Mike Reilly:

   There’s a whole other conversation about ethnic beauty and a similar discussion about what makes a male attractive, so we wanted to avoid those confounding variables.

4. Anton Heese:

   This is confounding for people who argue the yield curve is not giving its usual signal on the economy because of central bank action, the difficulty this time is we have an abnormal business cycle and more importantly an abnormal central bank cycle ... (although) one is always cautious about saying the current situation is different from previous periods in history.

5. Kathy Trieu:

   They were controlled for in the statistical analyses, however, residual confounding can not be ruled out. The data reported are for associations, however, associations can not establish causality.

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References

1. ^ Princeton's WordNet
   http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=confounding
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding
3. ^ ChatGPT
   https://chat.openai.com
4. ^ Webster Dictionary
   https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/confounding