What does tokamak mean?

Definitions for tokamak
ˈtoʊ kəˌmæk, ˈtɒk ə-toka·mak

This dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word tokamak.

Princeton's WordNet

  1. tokamaknoun

    a doughnut-shaped chamber used in fusion research; a plasma is heated and confined in a magnetic bottle

Wiktionary

  1. tokamaknoun

    A toroidal chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined; used in nuclear fusion research.

  2. Etymology: A transliteration of токамак, an acronym of тороидальная камера в магнитных катушках (toroidal chamber with magnetic coils).

Wikipedia

  1. Tokamak

    A tokamak (; Russian: токамáк) is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field to confine plasma in the shape of a torus. The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices being developed to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power. As of 2016, it was the leading candidate for a practical fusion reactor.Tokamaks were initially conceptualized in the 1950s by Soviet physicists Igor Tamm and Andrei Sakharov, inspired by a letter by Oleg Lavrentiev. The first working tokamak was attributed to the work of Natan Yavlinsky on the T-1 in 1958. It had been demonstrated that a stable plasma equilibrium requires magnetic field lines that wind around the torus in a helix. Devices like the z-pinch and stellarator had attempted this, but demonstrated serious instabilities. It was the development of the concept now known as the safety factor (labelled q in mathematical notation) that guided tokamak development; by arranging the reactor so this critical factor q was always greater than 1, the tokamaks strongly suppressed the instabilities which plagued earlier designs. By the mid-1960s, the tokamak designs began to show greatly improved performance. The initial results were released in 1965, but were ignored; Lyman Spitzer dismissed them out of hand after noting potential problems in their system for measuring temperatures. A second set of results was published in 1968, this time claiming performance far in advance of any other machine. When these were also met skeptically, the Soviets invited a delegation from the United Kingdom to make their own measurements. These confirmed the Soviet results, and their 1969 publication resulted in a stampede of tokamak construction. By the mid-1970s, dozens of tokamaks were in use around the world. By the late 1970s, these machines had reached all of the conditions needed for practical fusion, although not at the same time nor in a single reactor. With the goal of breakeven (a fusion energy gain factor equal to 1) now in sight, a new series of machines were designed that would run on a fusion fuel of deuterium and tritium. These machines, notably the Joint European Torus (JET), Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), had the explicit goal of reaching breakeven. Instead, these machines demonstrated new problems that limited their performance. Solving these would require a much larger and more expensive machine, beyond the abilities of any one country. After an initial agreement between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in November 1985, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) effort emerged and remains the primary international effort to develop practical fusion power. Many smaller designs, and offshoots like the spherical tokamak, continue to be used to investigate performance parameters and other issues. As of 2022, JET remains the record holder for fusion output, with 59 MJ of energy output, although sustained over a 5 second period, the short-term energy produced is 11 MJ with an energy of 40 MJ. In December of 2022, LLNL surpassed the fusion threshold and achieved an energy output of 3.15 MJ, while only delivering 2.05 MJ to the target.

ChatGPT

  1. tokamak

    A tokamak is a device used in nuclear physics to produce a magnetic field for confining a plasma in the shape of a torus (a donut-shape). It is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices used in fusion power research to control nuclear fusion reactions, with the goal of producing heat energy. The term "tokamak" is a Russian acronym for "toroidal chamber with magnetic coils."

Wikidata

  1. Tokamak

    A tokamak, or tokomak, is a device using a magnetic field to confine a plasma in the shape of a torus. Achieving a stable plasma equilibrium requires magnetic field lines that move around the torus in a helical shape. Such a helical field can be generated by adding a toroidal field and a poloidal field. In a tokamak, the toroidal field is produced by electromagnets that surround the torus, and the poloidal field is the result of a toroidal electric current that flows inside the plasma. This current is induced inside the plasma with a second set of electromagnets. The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices, and is one of the most-researched candidates for producing controlled thermonuclear fusion power. Magnetic fields are used for confinement since no solid material could withstand the extremely high temperature of the plasma. An alternative to the tokamak is the stellarator. Tokamaks were invented in the 1950s by Soviet physicists Igor Tamm and Andrei Sakharov, inspired by an original idea of Oleg Lavrentiev. The word tokamak is a transliteration of the Russian word токамак, an acronym of either "тороидальная камера с магнитными катушками" —toroidal chamber with magnetic coils, or "тороидальная камера с аксиальным магнитным полем" —toroidal chamber with axial magnetic field.

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Numerology

  1. Chaldean Numerology

    The numerical value of tokamak in Chaldean Numerology is: 3

  2. Pythagorean Numerology

    The numerical value of tokamak in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9

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"tokamak." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 28 Mar. 2024. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/tokamak>.

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