Definitions for pseudogene
pseu·do·gene

WiktionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. pseudogenenoun

   A segment of DNA that is part of the genome of an organism, and which is similar to a gene but does not code for a gene product.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Pseudogene

   Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by DNA duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript. Pseudogenes are usually identified when genome sequence analysis finds gene-like sequences that lack regulatory sequences needed for transcription or translation, or whose coding sequences are obviously defective due to frameshifts or premature stop codons. Most non-bacterial genomes contain many pseudogenes, often as many as functional genes. This is not surprising, since various biological processes are expected to accidentally create pseudogenes, and there are no specialized mechanisms to remove them from genomes. Eventually pseudogenes may be deleted from their genomes by chance DNA replication or DNA repair errors, or they may accumulate so many mutational changes that they are no longer recognizable as former genes. Analysis of these degeneration events helps clarify the effects of non-selective processes in genomes. Pseudogene sequences may be transcribed into RNA at low levels, due to promoter elements inherited from the ancestral gene or arising by new mutations. Although most of these transcripts will have no more functional significance than chance transcripts from other parts of the genome, some have given rise to beneficial regulatory RNAs and new proteins.

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1. Pseudogene

   Pseudogenes are dysfunctional relatives of genes that have lost their protein-coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell. Pseudogenes often result from the accumulation of multiple mutations within a gene whose product is not required for the survival of the organism. Although some do not have introns or promoters, most have some gene-like features such as promoters, CpG islands, and splice sites. They are nonetheless considered nonfunctional due to a lack of protein-coding ability resulting from a variety of disabling mutations, a lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA. The term was coined in 1977 by Jacq et al. Because pseudogenes are generally thought of as the last stop for genomic material that is to be removed from the genome, they are often labeled as junk DNA. We can define a pseudogene operationally as a fragment of nucleotide sequence that resembles a known protein's domains but with stop codons or frameshifts mid-domain. Nonetheless, pseudogenes contain fascinating biological and evolutionary histories within their sequences. This is due to a pseudogene's shared ancestry with a functional gene: in the same way that Darwin thought of two species as possibly having a shared common ancestry followed by millions of years of evolutionary divergence, a pseudogene and its associated functional gene also share a common ancestor and have diverged as separate genetic entities over millions of years.

How to pronounce pseudogene?

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of pseudogene in Chaldean Numerology is: 6

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of pseudogene in Pythagorean Numerology is: 3

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References

1. ^ Wiktionary
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pseudogene
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogene
3. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=pseudogene