Definitions for oxidative phosphorylation
ox·ida·tive phos·pho·ry·la·tion

Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. oxidative phosphorylationnoun

   an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Oxidative phosphorylation

   Oxidative phosphorylation (UK , US ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is so pervasive because it releases more energy than alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose is released by the cell in the citric acid cycle producing carbon dioxide, and the energetic electron donors NADH and FADH. Oxidative phosphorylation uses these molecules and O2 to produce ATP, which is used throughout the cell whenever energy is needed. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from the electron donors to a series of electron acceptors in a series of redox reactions ending in oxygen, whose reaction releases half of the total energy.In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are catalyzed by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cell's outer membrane. These linked sets of proteins are called the electron transport chain. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors. The energy transferred by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped when protons flow back across the membrane and down the potential energy gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase in a process called chemiosmosis. The ATP synthase uses the energy to transform adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine triphosphate, in a phosphorylation reaction. The reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme. The ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor. Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging and senescence. The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.

ChatGPTRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. oxidative phosphorylation

   Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic process by which cells produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy source for the body's cells. This process involves the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions, a process that releases energy. This energy is then used to synthesize ATP from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This process takes place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

WikidataRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Oxidative phosphorylation

   Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the cell's intermembrane wall mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

1. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.

Matched Categories

1. • Organic Process

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Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of oxidative phosphorylation in Chaldean Numerology is: 2

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of oxidative phosphorylation in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5

References

1. ^ Princeton's WordNet
   http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=oxidative phosphorylation
2. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_Phosphorylation
3. ^ ChatGPT
   https://chat.openai.com
4. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=oxidative phosphorylation